Online Educational Journals

What is the citation style needed in books published by Oxford University Press? Is it MLA, APA, Chicago 1A? I need to know how Oxford University cites their sources. Maybe if someone has a book on their shelf, which was published by Oxford, you could tell me an example citation. Thanks!

What's the difference with Dover Thrift and other editions, such as Oxford University Press and Penguin? I really enjoy buying the classics - but obviously there are quite a few and I've noticed that Dover Thrift sells cheaper versions than Oxford University and Penguin Classics. Now admittedly the latter two seem to have better cover art, but I'd rather pay like 2/3 or 1/2 the price. Now does anyone have any idea whether certain translations are just better or something along those lines? From what I've found out they are all unabridged (i.e. complete) and I definitely want that.

I have an interview at Oxford University Press. How should I answer these questions? I interviewed there 3 years ago. They asked me "Why do I want to work at Oxford Univ Press"? and I didnt really have an answer. How should I answer that? This is for a marketing assistant position.

The elephant man ( Oxford university press ) I want the text of the book if possible in PDF format . Thanks? The elephant man ( Oxford university press ) I want the text of the book if possible in PDF format . Thanks

Where can I download the video cassette named Big City published by the Oxford University Press? I need the video of level 3. Please help me! I need it badly!Thanks a lot.

Whats the difference between Oxford University and Oxford University Press? Many thanks

Oxford University Press Please let me know what percent of the royalty you offer to the author.? What is royalty? How does it work when books are sold?

The book Demystifying Anorexia was published by Oxford University Press. Anyone know the city?

The Holy Bible printed at the university press, Oxford by Charles Batey. What does it say in Psalms 83:18? also the Collins' clear-type press. appointed to be read in churches both Bible are old and the text is in Capitals and Not in the So-called Jehovah's Witness Bible and If you have a Bible of old origin it may contain the same text

Oxford University Press, MacMillan Publishers, McGraw Hill-- Which one is the best international publisher? The prices, the paper quality, the content.... Which one do you trust? (Your answer may or may not be one of the names I listed.)

If my manuscript (children book) is accepted by Oxford University Press, how much can I earn yearly? (fiction)? Approximately!

what are your thoughts on the merits of Oxford University Press's Greek Tragedy in New Translations? I have a newly sparked interest in ancient Greek Drama and was wondering whether the Greek Tragedies in New Translations project was worth my while? I know that the "standard" for a long time has been the Chicago Press Complete Greek Tragedies edited by Lattimore and Green. I have found the Chicago series to have very beautiful poetic language and i hear that it is very faithful to the Greek but at times it can be hard to wade through--how does the OUP series compare in both fidelity to the text and readability? I have already checked the Amazon reviews before coming on here--the problem is that people are reviewing these timeless stories themselves as opposed to reviewing the translation.

What year did the Oxford Comma originate? Does anyone know when the Oxford Comma was first used by the Oxford University Press?

What is this? : Oxford Researchers simulated what Worlds Most Beautiful Woman would look like!? Facebook has this big thing about a perfect woman and such see : Oxford Researchers simulated what Worlds Most Beautiful Woman would look like! Professor James Roberts and his team from the Institute of Beautology of the world famous Oxford University have simulated what worlds most beautiful woman would look like! The Picture was released in Oxford University Press - and here!

What are the best books for Spanish as a Foreign Language for Young Learners? I'm looking for something on a similar part to the Oxford University Press ESL books (Lets Go, English Time) but for Spanish, not English. Lots of pictorial content, and carefully graded for quick progression.

How do I do this parenthetical notation in MLA format? So I'm using these two as sources for a paper, but how do I cite them throughout my paper?I'm confused because they have the same last name, but are different people? Do I move on to the titles and page number instead of name and page number? Turner, Arlin. Nathaniel Hawthorne: A Biography. Oxford University Press: New York, 1980. Turner, Perry. “What Killed Arthur Dimmesdale?”. Science Magazine. October 1985: 81-82.

URGENT!Anyone who owns a Pocket Oxford American Dictionary (2nd ed.) & can check 3 definitions for me? I have to make a MLA Works Cited List and I need someone who owns or can get exactly this dictionary: Pocket Oxford American Dictionary. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print. In fact, I cited definitions from this dictionary in an essay I sent for publication, but in the List I forgot to specify which definition I was using (i.e. 1a, 2c, 4e...). Now I am abroad, and I do not have the dictionary with me, but I need to cite it correctly, or my essay won't be published. So, if you have the dictionary, please check which definitions these ones are: Author = “a writer of a book or article;” Write = “compose a book or another written work;” Compose = “form a whole by arranging parts in an orderly or artistic way.” I have been trying to find the dictionary online, but I couldn't, and I REALLY need it before this evening. Thanks.

Which is the best book for learning english out of the ones listed below? Headway -Oxford University Press New Interchange - Cambridge University Press i want to teach it to an adult actually but i think i have the old versions of headway....

can native English speakers help me polish my language? can native English speakers help me polish my thesis language? As to the study of Oriental image, Edward Said's Orientalism has to be mentioned. This path-breaking book discusses many problems about the Oriental images created by Western writers and Said holds that when depicting Oriental images, Western writers always adopt a binary opposition attitude. For example, the West is always described as rich, developed, vigorous and the Westerners noble, wise, reasonable, strong, and energetic and the like. However, Orient is always portrayed as poor, backward, dull and Oriental people vulgar, stupid, unreasonable, and weak and so on. This book has a great influence on the study of imagology. Another book is The Chinese Chameleon: An Analysis of European Conception of Chinese Civilization (Oxford University Press, 1967) by Raymond Dawson. The author is of the opinion that the images of China are fabricated by Western writers to meet the European needs like a color-changing chameleon changes its skin color to suit the environment. Other important relative books include The Chan’s Great Continent: China in Western Minds (Nortan, 1998) and Culture Similarity and Culture Utilization both by Jonathan D. Spence and Research On “Difference” (Beijing University Press) by German sinologist Kubin. Scholar Ersu Ding in Lingnan University in his paper Appropriation of the “Other”: Contrasting Notions of China in British Literature (Neohelicon, XXXII, 2nd Issue, 2005, pp. 313-325) compares the images formulated by Maugham in On A Chinese Screen and that of The Citizen of The World by Oliver Goldsmith.

ebook of Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book for Everyone and Nobody (Oxford Worlds Classics)? I am looking for the ebook of the following book. Please let me know asap. Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book for Everyone and Nobody (Oxford Worlds Classics) Author: Friedrich Nietzsche Release: 2009 Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA Format: Paperback 384 pages ISBN: 0199537097 ISBN 13: 9780199537099 http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/1998 http://www.amazon.com/Thus-Spoke-Zarathustra-Everyone-Classics/dp/0199537097 those links are not for this specific text. I am looking for the exact one.

What words of wisdom do you have that could be immortalised in the Oxford Book of Quotations? Words of wisdom from Paris Hilton are to be immortalised alongside remarks by some of the greatest thinkers of all time in the latest edition of the Oxford Book of Quotations -- and she reckons it's "so cool". Hilton, the socialite turned reality TV star and retailing phenomenon, is listed in the latest version of the 65-year-old dictionary, released this week, alongside the likes of Confucius, Oscar Wilde and Stephen Hawking. Her contribution? "Dress cute wherever you go, life is too short to blend in." Another new entry in the seventh edition of the Oxford University Press publication is Sarah Palin.The former vice-presidential candidate makes the cut for her most famous quip: "What's the difference between a hockey mom and a pitbull? Lipstick." More than 20,000 new quotations have been added to the dictionary including President Barack Obama for saying: "The arc of history is long but it bends towards justice." Others came from the likes of British author Terry Pratchett -- using an "embuggerance" to describe his Alzheimer's -- and from author Fay Weldon: "Guilt is to motherhood as grapes are to wine." http://in.news.yahoo.com/137/20090911/778/tod-paris-hilton-s-wisdom-immortalised-i.html Edit: Groovy Sweet Fish!!! That is awesome...! Those words deserve a place in a dictionary! : )

What has the Southern Medical Journal Indiana University have news on that is so earth shaking? Have you read this as yet? Scientific Study of Healing at Iris Ministries Shows Proximity Key to Success of Healing Prayer News Release (August 6, 2010) "One subject, an elderly Mozambican woman named Maryam, initially reported that she could not see a person's hand, with two upraised fingers, from a distance of one foot. A healing practitioner put her hand on Maryam's eyes, hugged her and prayed for less than a minute; then the person held five fingers in front of Maryam, who was able to count them and even read the 20/125 line on a vision chart." (Bloomington, Indiana)—Findings reported on August 5 from a new international study of healing prayer suggest that prayer for another person's healing just might help—especially if the one praying is physically near the person being prayed for. Candy Gunther Brown, an associate professor in the Department of Religious Studies at Indiana University Bloomington, led the study of "proximal intercessory prayer" for healing. It will be published in the September 2010 issue of the Southern Medical Journal. baptism adn healing prayer by Iris MinistriesThe study, titled "Study of the Therapeutic Effects of Proximal Intercessory Prayer (STEPP) on Auditory and Visual Impairments in Rural Mozambique," measured surprising improvements in vision and hearing in economically disadvantaged areas where eyeglasses and hearing aids are not readily available. (Photo: Iris Ministries) "We chose to investigate 'proximal' prayer because that is how a lot of prayer for healing is actually practiced by Pentecostal and Charismatic Christians around the world," Brown said. "These constitute the fastest-growing Christian subgroups globally, with some 500 million adherents, and they are among those most likely to pray expectantly for healing." Brown and her colleagues carried out the study as part of a larger research program, funded by the John Templeton Foundation Flame of Love Project, on the cultural significance and experience of spiritual healing practices. As editor of a forthcoming book on Global Pentecostal and Charismatic Healing (Oxford University Press, scheduled for release January 2011), Brown has made an in-depth, seven-year study of how Pentecostals worldwide pray for healing. Although Pentecostals often pray for their own healing and request distant intercessory prayer, they consider proximal prayer to be particularly efficacious and emphasize the importance of physical proximity and human touch in praying effectively for healing. "When people feel that they have a serious need for healing, they are willing to try almost anything," Brown said. "If they feel that a particular religious or spiritual practice healed them, they are much more likely to become an adherent. This phenomenon, more than any other, accounts for the growth of these Christian subgroups globally." Brown and her colleagues studied the activities of the healing groups Iris Ministries and Global Awakening in Mozambique and Brazil because of their reputation as hotspots of specialized prayer for those with hearing and vision impairments. The researchers used an audiometer and vision charts to evaluate 14 rural Mozambican subjects who reported impaired hearing and 11 who reported impaired vision, both before and after the subjects received proximal intercessory prayer (PIP). The study focused on hearing and vision because it is possible to measure them with hearing machines and vision charts, allowing a more direct measure of improvement than simply asking people whether they feel better. Subjects exhibited improved hearing and vision that was statistically significant after PIP was administered. Two subjects with impaired hearing reduced the threshold at which they could detect sound by 50 decibels. Three subjects had their tested vision improve from 20/400 or worse to 20/80 or better. These improvements are much larger than those typically found in suggestion and hypnosis studies. Brown recounted that one subject, an elderly Mozambican woman named Maryam, initially reported that she could not see a person's hand, with two upraised fingers, from a distance of one foot. A healing practitioner put her hand on Maryam's eyes, hugged her and prayed for less than a minute; then the person held five fingers in front of Maryam, who was able to count them and even read the 20/125 line on a vision chart. Dr. John Peteet, a professor at Harvard Medical School, similarly commented in an editorial in the current issue of the Southern Medical Journal: "Whatever their views about the efficacy of healing prayer and about whether it belongs in the armamentarium of medicine, clinicians and Believers share core commitments to healing whenever it is possible, and to meaningful acceptance when it is not." Source: Indiana University - Southern Medical Journal

What's the appropriate way to cite the location of a book: publisher or printer? I'm trying to cite a book that was published by Oxford University Press. The publisher's main office is in Oxford, but since I'm an American, it's likely that the actual book I have was published in their New York division. Should I cite it as "New York: Oxford University Press" or "Oxford: Oxford University Press"?

Are there cases of fraud in the history of fossil man finds? The Piltdown fossil found in England in 1912 was shown in 1953 to be cleverly contrived hoax. THE greater part of the scientific world had accepted the fraud for forty years. Source: The Piltdown Hoax By S.J. Weiner(Oxford University Press). Have faith in God dear friends. God created all things. Genesis 1:1 "In the beginning God created the Heaven and the Earth."

Does anybody have info on the Spanish newspaper that first coined the phrase "paella valenciana"? Specifically, I'm looking for the name of the newspaper, the date of the article and the text. All I know is that it was published in a local Spanish newspaper in 1840. Foodtimeline.org cites Oxford University Press' "A Companion to Food" as mentioning this but I don't have the book.

Can anyone provide me with a link to a free download of the following book? Organic Structure Analysis, Philip Crews Oxford University Press 1998

LDS: Why isn't the hymn "If You Could Hie to Kolob"'s copyright owned by the Church? I noticed in the hymn book that Hymn # 284, If You Could Hie to Kolob, is noted that "Used by permission of Oxford University Press. Making copies without written permission of the copyright owner is prohibited." I did this LDS hymn's copyright ended up in Oxford? I felt bad since it's one of my favorite hymns and it has to belong to the Church. Any good info? Thanks.

Bibliography???? How do you cite a poem out of a book? Please help. I am doing a poetry project, and I selected 5 poems out of a text book, and I ineed to know how you do a bibliography on them. Would I for exaample: Artichuk, Francine et al. Echoes: fiction, Media, and Non-Fiction. Canada:Oxford University Press Canada, 2002 If i did a poem called The Goblet and it was on pg 34......where would I put it on the above citation???. PLLLLLLLZZZ HHLLPP

Why do Humans have the ability to think? Why Think? Evolution and the Rational Mind Ronald de Sousa, Why Think? Evolution and the Rational Mind, Oxford University Press, 2007, 187pp., $25.00 (hbk), ISBN 9780195189858. Reviewed by Craig DeLancey, State University of New York at Oswego see -->http://ndpr.nd.edu/review.cfm?id=11843 before you comment!!

I have "The Book of Common Prayer" dated 1852, Sold by E. Gardner & Son of Oxford Bible Warehouse. Any info. The book is black with gold or bronze trim and clasp. It is 4" by 2 .5". Is was printed at Oxford: at the University Press.

I m an English learner, would you please check if I've done this exercise correct or not ? Hi there , I m learning English on my own and there isn’t anyone to help me correct my mistakes, I really would love to become fluent in this language and try to do my best , although sometimes it becomes truly hard to make any progress but I never lose hope! I ll be grateful if you check this exercise and correct my mistakes, It s from New Headway Advanced book (Oxford University Press) Using appropriate tense is somehow confusing for me though I read the related grammars again and again but yet I haven’t learned it properly.And would you please guide me when you use past simple passive and when past perfect passive ? Dear friends the verbs I ve used all were given in the exercise it self but we should use the correct verb form. … A few years ago, two copies of Isaac Newton's Principia and a work by Galileo, worth more than Euro300, 000 (1) were discovered to be missing from the shelves of the Rare Books Department of Cambridge University. Police interviewed stuff but no clued (2) were found nor arrests (3) were made. Three years later, Jolyon Hudson, an antiquarian book dealer, (4) was examining a rare philosophy book in his office. There was a shadow on the front cover where once a label might (5) had been, and the title page (6) had been ripped out. Hudson was convinced that the book (7) was stolen. His investigations revealed that the book's last owner was a man called William Jacques, an accountant working for Shell UK. Hudson telephoned Jacques and asked him if he (8) stopped by the office to resolve the issue . When they met , Jacques told him he (9)had acquired the book from Portobello Market and assured Hudson that he (10)will co- operate with any future police inquiries . However shortly afterwards , Jacques (11) fled to Cuba. From there he sent a letter to the police via via his solicitors, listing numerous safety deposit boxes in banks in England .Inside the boxes were dozens of hugely valuable titles, including the three by Newton and Galileo from Cambridge. Why Jacques then (12) flew back to Britain, nobody knows. Three weeks later he (13) was found guilty of theft and (14) now have been serving four years in prison. The total value of the books he (15) had stolen is around euro 1.1 million, and many (16) still haven’t been recovered. Jacques (17) hasn’t said how he pulled off perhaps the most systematic plundering of Britain's great libraries ever carried out by an individual. Police are worried that he may (18) had had inside help. Over the past few months, libraries in Britain (19) have been improving their security systems. In many there are now closed-circuit TV cameras, and passes must (20)be shown. The genteel world of letters has had a reality check.

Gossip travels quick or quickly? In an English language textbook published by Oxford University Press I came across a sentence "In my office gossip travels even quicker than email". I thought you have to use an adverb in such a sentence - "travels more quickly". Which is correct?

PLEASE!CAN YOU BRIEFLY DESCRIBE PROMINENCE;TONE;SOCIAL MEANING OF TONE AND DOMINANCE|ACCORDING To DAVID BRAZIL IT'S URGENT!!! PLEASE HELP ME!!! A few comments about Brazil.... _____________________________________________ David Brazil (1925-1995) was the originator of Discourse Intonation. His principal publications were: Discourse Intonation and Language Teaching (1980) Longman. (With Malcolm Coulthard & Catherine Johns). The Communicative Value of Intonation in English (1985/1997) University of Birmingham/Cambridge University Press Pronunciation for Advanced Learners of English (1994) Cambridge University Press A Grammar of Speech (1995) Oxford University Press _______________________________________________ PLEEEEAASEEE HELP ME!!!!

I need help in finding free on line books site.(teacher"s guide for primary kids)? i work in orphan organization and need it for my teachers.we need the book of Oxford university press.Please help me out..THANKS

Cancelling an algebraic fraction? I'm using an A-Level Maths book from Oxford University Press for Edexcel C1 and C2. I've worked on simplifying an algebraic fraction and have come to the stage where my answer is: 9b^2 -------- 64b^3 In the book the final answer is: 9 ------ 64b I can see how they have done it, but thought it could cancel down further. e.g. 1 ------ 56b or similar. Where's my error?

"Does anyone hold the Copyright to the 1917 Scofield Bible?"? Original copyright was held by Oxford University Press American Branch

public intrest litigations seeking ban on books under infringement of right to education? i am the editor of www.shakespearerevived.com i have earthed out many mistakes on the existing publications in india and put oxford university press and a few others that they should withdraw the publications from my india for they are causing a great degree of intellectual pollution especially upon the minds of ICSE and ISC school children i have chosen a very young advocate who had passed his law only about four months back and i shall appear as a party in person and make my pleadings. to avoid technical mistakes and make the drafting legally acceptable and the formalities involved on the legal aspect are highly sought after and i request some of you to help me in this social cause.

Why did Hitler say he was doing the work of Jesus while killing the Jews ? Adolph Hitler said: "Today Christians ... stand at the head of [this country]... I pledge that I never will tie myself to parties who want to destroy Christianity .. We want to fill our culture again with the Christian spirit ... We want to burn out all the recent immoral developments in literature, in the theater, and in the press - in short, we want to burn out the *poison of immorality* which has entered into our whole life and culture as a result of liberal excess during the past ... (few) years." [The Speeches of Adolph Hitler, 1922-1939, Vol. 1 (London, Oxford University Press, 1942), pg. 871-872] Hitler stated: "Christ was the greatest early fighter in the battle against the world enemy, the Jews . . . The work that Christ started but could not finish, I--Adolf Hitler--will conclude." "My feelings as a Christian point me to my Lord and Saviour as a fighter." Adolf Hitler, in a speech delivered in Munich, 12 April 1922 "Hence today I believe that I am acting in accordance with the will of the Almighty Creator: by defending myself against the Jew, I am fighting for the work of the Lord." Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, Ralph Mannheim, ed., p. 65, New York: Mariner Books, 1999 "We were convinced that the people needs and requires this faith. We have therefore undertaken the fight against the atheistic movement, and that not merely with a few theoretical declarations: we have stamped it out." Adolf Hitler, in a speech delivered in Berlin, 24 October 1933 "Behold, I will make them of the synagogue of Satan, which say they are Jews, and are not, but do lie; behold, I will make them to come and worship before thy feet, and to know that I have loved thee." (Revelation 3:9) NAZI CARTOONS : http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/sturmer.htm ...........

benny morris, a zionist historian, says that zionist terrorists used terrorism to steal the land of the pals.? No More Tears: Benny Morris and the Road Back from Liberal Zionism Joel Beinin (Joel Beinin, an editor of this magazine, teaches Middle East history at Stanford University.) Books Reviewed Benny Morris, 1948 and After: Israel and the Palestinians (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990, second edition, 1994). Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988). Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004). Haganah militiamen expel Palestinian Arabs from Haifa, April 1948. (Agence France Presse) On July 11, 1948, Aharon Cohen, director of the Arab Affairs Department of the socialist-Zionist Mapam party in Israel, received a carbon copy of a military intelligence report. Israel, a state less than two months old, was embroiled in a war with neighboring Arab states that would last until 1949. The document in Cohen’s hands analyzed the reasons for the flight of 240,000 Palestinian Arabs from areas which had been allocated to the Jewish state by the November 1947 UN partition plan and another 150,000 from the Jerusalem region and areas allocated to the Arab state. Cohen was upset to read the report’s conclusion that 70 percent of these Arabs had fled due to “direct, hostile Jewish operations against Arab settlements” by Zionist militias, or the “effect of our hostile operations on nearby (Arab) settlements.”[1] One month before Cohen received this report, Mapam’s political committee had issued a resolution opposing “the tendency to expel the Arabs from the Jewish state,” in response to Cohen’s warnings that such operations were taking place. Over the course of Arab-Jewish fighting between 1947 and 1949, well over 700,000 Palestinians were made refugees, the majority of them by direct expulsion or the fear of expulsion or massacre. The largest single expulsion occurred after Israeli conquest of the towns of Lydda and Ramla in the Jerusalem-Tel Aviv corridor during July 9-18, 1948. Some 50,000 Palestinians were driven out of their homes in these towns by Israeli forces whose deputy commander was Yitzhak Rabin, prime minister of Israel from 1974-1977 and 1992-1995. Some two dozen massacres of Palestinians were perpetrated by pre-state Zionist militias and Israeli forces, the most infamous of them on April 9-10, 1948, at the village of Deir Yassin.

work cited page for 5 sources? This is my work cited page can someone please tell me if this is correct? I am missing information for the Webster Dictionary I am working on find it. Thanks Davis, Herbert. Jonathan Swift: Essays on His Satires and Other Studies. New York: Oxford University Press, 1964. Dobree, Bonamy. English Literature in the Early Eighteenth Century. Oxford, Great Britain: Oxford University Press, 1959. Morehead, Philip D: Webster Dictionary third edition: Handy College August 1995 Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver’s Travels. Penguin Classics, Benjamin Motte Jr. 1726

what does O.S. mean in a footnote? This is the o.s. that I am trying to find: Lord CHesterfield to Philip Stanhope, 24 ovember, o.s., 1749, printed in David Roberts, (ed.), Lord Chesterfield's Letters (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922), pp. 179-180. I cannot find the meaning of "o.s." anywhere, can anyone help?

Capitalist feminism and modernity? “Class is meaningless,” argues Sartre; however, according to de Selby [1], it is not so much class that is meaningless, but rather the meaninglessness, and therefore the defining characteristic, of class. However, if capitalist feminism holds, we have to choose between textual capitalism and neodialectic theory. Any number of dialetics concerning not desublimation as such, but subdesublimation exist, of course. The subject is contextualised into a neotextual paradigm of expression that includes culture as a reality. If one examines modernist theory, one is faced with another choice: either reject the subdeconstructive paradigm of discourse or conclude that this is part of the dialectic, given that the premise of capitalist feminism is valid. Discuss. 1. de Selby, F. W. (1985) Capitalist feminism, textual discourse and rationalism. Oxford University Press

What is a good version of the NRSV Study Bible? Oxford University Press USA arperSanFrancisco Zondervan Bibl

The word senticous?(savethewords.org)? I just adopted a word for savethewords.org, which is run by the editors of Oxford University Press and the Oxford English Dictionary, for the cause of wanting to save words that are disappearing from the english language because they are rarely used. I adopted the word senticous, and I would like to know how it is pronounced and how to use it in a sentence properly. I believe it's pronounced sent-teh-coose, but then again, I pronounce adrenaline 'Anderline'

Why do unbelievers ignore and even deny this fact? Why, if species have descended from other species by insensibly fine gradations, do we not everywhere see innumerable transitional forms? Why is not all nature in confusion instead of the species being, as we see them, well defined? ... But, as by this theory innumerable transitional forms must have existed, why do we not find them embedded in countless numbers in the crust of the earth?… Why then is not every geological formation and every stratum full of such intermediate links? Geology assuredly does not reveal any such finely graduated organic chain; and this, perhaps, is the most obvious and serious objection which can be urged against my theory.(Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species, Oxford University Press, New York, 1998, pp. 140, 141, 227) The argument that Darwin proposed in the face of the lack of intermediate form fossils—to the effect that "there are no intermediate forms now, but they may be found through subsequent research"—today no longer applies. Present-day data show that the fossil record is extraordinarily rich. Based on hundreds of millions of fossil specimens obtained from different regions of the world, some 250,000 separate species have been described—many of which bear an extraordinary resemblance to the approximately 1.5 billion species alive today. Given the absence of any intermediate form despite such a wealthy fossil record, it is impossible any such intermediate forms will emerge from new excavations. "The fossil record offers not a single example of an "intermediate form" that evolutionists can use as evidence, but does provide millions of specimens that demonstrate the invalidity of evolution. The most important of these are "living fossils," of which living specimens are in existence today. They can be seen from the fossil record to have lived in differing geological periods, and are proof of creation, since no difference exists between the living things of hundreds of millions of years ago and present-day specimens. Darwinists are helpless in the face of this situation." http://www.kids4truth.com/watchmaker/watch.html

Is an abusive person, evil? Is it evil to belittle, denigrate, scapegoat, and make fun of someone until they are demoralized, subjugated, and traumatized? Is the verbal and emotional abuser who keeps his victim in suspense and fear an evil person? Is the person with the need to control others evil? The concept of "evil" in this age of moral relativism is slippery and ambiguous. The "Oxford Companion to Philosophy" (Oxford University Press, 1995) defines it thus: "The suffering which results from morally wrong human choices." To qualify as evil a person (Moral Agent) must meet these requirements: 1. That he can and does consciously choose between the (morally) right and wrong and constantly and consistently prefers the latter; 2. That he acts on his choice irrespective of the consequences to himself and to others. Clearly, evil must be premeditated. So how evil applies to an abusive person? Thanks

Is requirements engineering flat nonsense ? In engineering, a requirement is a singular documented need of what a particular product or service should be or do. It is most commonly used in a formal sense in systems engineering or software engineering Wikipedia, September 2006-09-09 Given that John Anderson believed that “requirement” is often used in faulty reasoning, would it be fair to assume that some types of systems engineering and software engineering are essentially flat nonsense ? “Anderson, John (1893-1962)”, p.35, Oxford Companion to Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 1995: “Anderon is always hunting down ‘relativistic confusion’. He finds it, for example, in the obligatory. This is generated when a relation with one term suppressed – a requirer – is seen as a quality – requirement – of an action. The demolishing questions are: Who does the requiring ? and What is his policy ?”

The use of "and" at the beginning of a sentence is good grammar now? So "and" being a conjunction I was taught not to use it at the start of a sentence,now I just came across this. From http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/Grammar/conjunctions.html: Beginning a Sentence with And or But "A frequently asked question about conjunctions is whether and or but can be used at the beginning of a sentence. This is what R.W. Burchfield has to say about this use of and: 'There is a persistent belief that it is improper to begin a sentence with And, but this prohibition has been cheerfully ignored by standard authors from Anglo-Saxon times onwards.' An initial And is a useful aid to writers as the narrative continues. from The New Fowler's Modern English Usage edited by R.W. Burchfield. Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. 1996. Used with the permission of Oxford University Press. The same is true with the conjunction but. A sentence beginning with and or but will tend to draw attention to itself and its transitional function. The standard rule of thumb for today's writer is, if the initial use of the conjunction is to continue or elaborates upon a previous thought or statement and it seems appropriate, use it." So it's Proper now?? A person tried using this website quote to say it's proper.. but is it ACTUALLY? Thanks ray !

If you're not an English native speaker, please don't waste OUR time.? I'm an English learner and reading "Tune in 2, Oxford University Press" these days. There are some short audio files in which I can't understand some words. I've listened to them several times, but I failed to get them. :-( I'd be grateful if you helped me with them. morteza.mirmojarabian at yahoo dot com

Which Christian spiritual leader said "Liberalism is a disease of the mind" ? *********** said: "Today Christians ... stand at the head of [this country]... I pledge that I never will tie myself to parties who want to destroy Christianity .. We want to fill our culture again with the Christian spirit ... We want to burn out all the recent immoral developments in literature, in the theater, and in the press - in short, we want to burn out the poison of immorality* which has entered into our whole life and culture as a result of liberal excess* during the past ... (few) years." [The Speeches of ***********, 1922-1939, Vol. 1 (London, Oxford University Press, 1942), pg. 871-872] "I believe today that I am acting in the sense of the Almighty Creator... I am fighting for the Lord's work" ------ *********** in 1938. “GOD IS WITH US” - http://www.nobeliefs.com/nazis.htm "National Socialism will use its own revolution for the establishing of a NEW WORLD ORDER." --- ********** "Liberalism is a disease of the mind that weakens and corrupts human beings" - *********, 1939 -------------- "Liberalism is dead" - **********, after the fall of France to the Nazis. ….

what is the cause of this war? No More Tears: Benny Morris and the Road Back from Liberal Zionism Joel Beinin (Joel Beinin, an editor of this magazine, teaches Middle East history at Stanford University.) Books Reviewed Benny Morris, 1948 and After: Israel and the Palestinians (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990, second edition, 1994). Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988). Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004). Haganah militiamen expel Palestinian Arabs from Haifa, April 1948. (Agence France Presse) On July 11, 1948, Aharon Cohen, director of the Arab Affairs Department of the socialist-Zionist Mapam party in Israel, received a carbon copy of a military intelligence report. Israel, a state less than two months old, was embroiled in a war with neighboring Arab states that would last until 1949. The document in Cohen’s hands analyzed the reasons for the flight of 240,000 Palestinian Arabs from areas which had been allocated to the Jewish state by the November 1947 UN partition plan and another 150,000 from the Jerusalem region and areas allocated to the Arab state. Cohen was upset to read the report’s conclusion that 70 percent of these Arabs had fled due to “direct, hostile Jewish operations against Arab settlements” by Zionist militias, or the “effect of our hostile operations on nearby (Arab) settlements.”[1] One month before Cohen received this report, Mapam’s political committee had issued a resolution opposing “the tendency to expel the Arabs from the Jewish state,” in response to Cohen’s warnings that such operations were taking place. Over the course of Arab-Jewish fighting between 1947 and 1949, well over 700,000 Palestinians were made refugees, the majority of them by direct expulsion or the fear of expulsion or massacre. The largest single expulsion occurred after Israeli conquest of the towns of Lydda and Ramla in the Jerusalem-Tel Aviv corridor during July 9-18, 1948. Some 50,000 Palestinians were driven out of their homes in these towns by Israeli forces whose deputy commander was Yitzhak Rabin, prime minister of Israel from 1974-1977 and 1992-1995. Some two dozen massacres of Palestinians were perpetrated by pre-state Zionist militias and Israeli forces, the most infamous of them on April 9-10, 1948, at the village of Deir Yassin.

Did Charles Darwin believe in "the Creator"? (please read the details)? I offer the following quote from Darwin himself, taken from Darwin's THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES, 6th edition (London: Oxford University Press, 1872, reprinted 1956), p.560. "There is grandeur in this view of life; with its several powers having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most wonderful and most beautiful have been, and are being evolved." What kind of "Creator" is he referring to?

If we we don’t learn from the past we are doomed to relive it: How Hitleresque is Obama student lesson? Presidential Propaganda Lesson? President Obama will address the nation's school students next week. A suggested lesson plan calls on students to write letters to themselves about what they can do to help President Obama following his address. Is this a thinly-veiled propaganda lesson straight from the White House? It seems very reminiscent of the Students and National Socialism in Germany, The Hitler Youth: Origins and Development 1922-1945. Here are some additional reading materials for you: Museum of Tolerance Online MULTIMEDIA LEARNING CENTER Hitler Youth and Education in Nazi Germany: A Selected Bibliography Blackburn, Gilmer W. Education in the Third Reich: A Study of Race and History in Nazi Textbooks. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1985. Boll, Heinrich. What's to Become of the Boy or: Something to Do with Books. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984. Bruleigh, Michael and Wolfgang Wippermann. The Racial State: Germany 1933-1945. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. Engelmann, Bernt. In Hitler's Germany: Everyday Life in the Third Reich. New York: Pantheon Books, 1986. Giles, Geoffrey J. Students and National Socialism in Germany. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985. Koch, H.W. The Hitler Youth: Origins and Development 1922-1945. New York: Stein and Day, 1975. Kreuger, Horst. A Crack in the Wall: Growing Up Under Hitler. New York: Fromm, 1982. Lacquer, Walter. Young Germany: A History of the German Youth Movement. New York: Transaction, c1962, 1984. Mann, Erika. School for Barbarians: Education Under the Nazis. New York: Modern Age Books, 1938. Melchior, Ib and Frank Brandenburg. Quest: Searching for Germany's Nazi Past: A Young Man's Story. Novato, Calif.: Presidio, 1990. Merkl, Peter H. The Making of a Stormtrooper. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1980. Noakes, J. and G. Pridham, eds. "Youth and Education" in Nazism: A History in Documents and Eyewitness Accounts, 1919-1945. New York: Schocken, 1984. Peukert, Detlev. "Youth in the Third Reich" in Life in the Third Reich, edited by Richard Bessel. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. Posner, Gerald L. Hitler's Children: Sons and Daughters of the Leaders of the Third Reich Talk about Themselves and Their Fathers. New York: Random House, 1991. Rempel, Gerhard. Hitler's Children: The Hitler Youth and the SS. Chapel Hill, N.C.: The University of North Carolina Press, 1989. Sax, Benjamin and Dieter Kuntz, eds. "Hitler Youth and Education" in Inside Hitler's Germany: A Documentary History of Life in the Third Reich. Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992. Steinberg, Michael Stephen. Sabers and Brown Shirts: The German Students' Path to National socialism 1918-1935. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, c1973, 1977. Walker, Lawrence D. Hitler Youth and Catholic Youth 1933-1936: A Study in Totalitarian Conquest. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1970. Weber, R.G.S. The German Student Corps in the Third Reich. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986. http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/site/pp.asp?c=gvKVLcMVIuG&b=394769

What is the position of (counter) in these cases? I want to know what is the position of counter in these following words. 1- Counterpoint 2- Counterproductive 3- Counterweight 4-countermine 5- Countermand 6-counterman 7-counterpart 8-counterparty (sometimes contraparty and i have also read this sentence from a tale of two cities by Charles Dickens,which it says( I might have made some money last week instead of being counterprayed etc ) page 64, oxford university press

Are we going to watch people die in Lebanon? I am only forwarding this e-mail of a gay man from Lebanon: Dear Readers, I take the liberty in writing to you reaching out to your kind hearts, to human kind and the humanity that was blessed in you, sharing my feelings about the unmerited bleeding and dying innocent people by the Israelis repetitive violations of the human rights. But this time, these Lebanese refuse to abandon their rights and believes and fight back for once and all to get all rights due. I am a young Lebanese guy living in Beirut, a university student, majoring in archeology & history of arts. With great modesty I must say that I care so much for my country as I am sure many of you do, so I finished by creating a website (www.lebtour.com), in order to give the chance for all the tourists eager to visit Lebanon to get all the information needed for a pleasurable stay. In the name of all the Lebanese, I am sending you this message of Love and Peace. An undersized thought for all those who passed away during the past three weeks due to Barbaric Israeli attacks, for all those children whose their youthful lives have been slaughtered before having the chance to enjoy the full beauty of their own country. The Israeli raids are multiplying day by day disregarding the world’s war rules and ethics of respecting the civilians’ lives and humanity and certainly implementing the wish of their history leaders. Below are few quotes of Israelis leader’s wishes and directions: “We must expel Arabs and take their places." David Ben Gurion, Prime Minister of Israel, 1937, Oxford University Press, 1985 "We should prepare to go over to the offensive. Our aim is to smash Lebanon, Trans-Jordan, and Syria. The weak point is Lebanon, for the Moslem regime is artificial and easy for us to undermine. We shall establish a Christian state there, and then we will smash the Arab Legion, eliminate Trans-Jordan; Syria will fall to us. We then bomb and move on and take Port Said, Alexandria and Sinai." David Ben-Gurion, May 1948, to the General Staff. From Ben-Gurion, A Biography, by Michael Ben-Zohar, Delacorte, New York 1978. "We shall reduce the Arab population to a community of woodcutters and waiters" Uri Lubrani, PM Ben-Gurion's special adviser on Arab Affairs, 1960. From "The Arabs in Israel" by Sabri Jiryas. "Zionist colonization must either be terminated or carried out against the wishes of the native population. This colonization can, therefore, be continued and make progress only under the protection of a power independent of the native population - an iron wall, which will be in a position to resist the pressure to the native population. This is our policy towards the Arabs..." Vladimir Jabotinsky, The Iron Wall, 1923. "We must use terror, assassination, intimidation, land confiscation, and the cutting of all social services to rid the Galilee of its Arab population."Israel Koenig, "The Koenig Memorandum" Do that mean Lebanon and other Arab countries have to pay the price in order for the Israelis to achieve their objectives and justify their existence? This is not the first time Lebanon has suffered for the greed of the neighboring countries. On this present occurrence, more than 750 died until today, where 40% are children. And more then 800 thousands are now stranded homeless, not to mention the massive Lebanese areas that have been simply bombed and demolished from the existence. This Israeli attacks on Lebanon as way passed any sense of war and humanity like no other war has done. What saddens me most is that in spite the ever increasing loss of innocent lives, day by day, we see no effective action from the international community. What happened to those promises from Lebanon’s allies and neighboring Arab countries? Don’t they ever think that they could be next? I don’t intend to report what all what the media can do. My hope is to simply plead with each one of you for a response, to help, and show your solidarity. I am sure that most of you, are neither happy with nor silent against this barbarian attack, but we need to shout louder and make our views and feelings felt to the world to make it happen. I only hope that my letter will encourage you and support you to come forward and be counted. My Lebanon is a Free Lebanon, Alive and Peaceful My Lebanon is a Young and Hopeful Lebanon My Lebanon is the Lebanon of Feyrouz & Gibran My Lebanon is the Lebanon of the Cedars and Baalbeck My Lebanon is the sandy Shores, green Mountains and blue Rivers. My Lebanon is the Cosmopolitan Lebanon welcoming all alike. My Lebanon is a Paradise, a peace of Heaven fallen on Earth who every one visited fell in love with. In the Name the Liberty, In the name of Equality, In the name of Brotherhood, Do something to stop these massacres, Stop those who want to slay the dreams of all the young Lebanese and the reminiscence of the old. Finally, before going back to the underground or shelters, dodging the bombs, or even berried alive, I want you to put our hands and hearts together and fight for our country Lebanon. Please, please act now before it is too late. God bless you all. Sincerely, Bertho Makso info@lebtour.com

Do Anglophone countries(UK, USA, Australia, etc) know that the term British Isles is not what it appears to be There is massive controversy over the term British Isles. The Irish Government does not use the term. Folens an educational book firm no longer uses the term on atlases and maps in Ireland. UK media organisations, BBC, Guardian, Times are indecisive and confused about using the term. Oxford University Press even uses the term British Isles and Ireland when describing the archipelago contradicting its Oxford English Dictionary definition of the British Isles. Do people outside of Ireland realise how politically charged this term is and what are you thoughts, what would you call it if or would you continuing using the term even though it is highly politicised term? Actually buddyxlee, politicised is spelt correctly. Americans spell it with a -z Hiberno-English and British-English speakers spell it with -s.

Does anybody have info on the Spanish newspaper that first coined the phrase "paella valenciana"? Specifically, I'm looking for the name of the newspaper, the date of the article and the text. All I know is that it was published in a local Spanish newspaper in 1840. Foodtimeline.org cites Oxford University Press' "A Companion to Food" as mentioning this but I don't have the book.

do u Know what is the opinion of some famous (non muslims) about the prophet(P.B.U.H), like.....?!? .Mahatma Gandhi "I wanted to know the best of one who holds today's undisputed sway over the hearts of millions of mankind....I became more than convinced that it was not the sword that won a place for Islam in those days in the scheme of life. It was the rigid simplicity, the utter self-effacement of the Prophet, the scrupulous regard for his pledges, his intense devotion to this friends and followers, his intrepidity, his fearlessness, his absolute trust in God and in his own mission. These and not the sword carried everything before them and surmounted every obstacle. When I closed the 2nd volume (of the Prophet's biography), I was sorry there was not more for me to read of the great life." 2.Lamartine "If greatness of purpose, smallness of means, and astounding results are the three criteria of human genius, who could dare to compare any great man in modern history with Muhammad? The most famous men created arms, laws and empires only. They founded, if anything at all, no more than material powers which often crumbled away before their eyes. This man moved not only armies, legislations, empires, peoples and dynasties, but millions of men in one-third of the then inhabited world; and more than that, he moved the altars, the gods, the religions, the ideas, the beliefs and souls. . . his forbearance in victory, his ambition, which was entirely devoted to one idea and in no manner striving for an empire; his endless prayers, his mystic conversations with God, his death and his triumph after death; all these attest not to an imposture but to a firm conviction which gave him the power to restore a dogma. This dogma was twofold, the unity of God and the immateriality of God; the former telling what God is, the latter telling what God is not; the one overthrowing false gods with the sword, the other starting an idea with words. "Philosopher, orator, apostle, legislator, warrior, conqueror of ideas, restorer of rational dogmas, of a cult without images; the founder of twenty terrestrial empires and of one spiritual empire, that is Muhammad. As regards all standards by which human greatness may be measured, we may well ask, is there any man greater than he?" (Lamartine, HISTOIRE DE LA TURQUIE, Paris, 1854, Vol. II, pp. 276-277. ) 3.Encyclopedia Britannica "Muhammad is the most successful of all Prophets and religious personalities." 4.John Austin "In little more than a year he was actually the spiritual, nominal and temporal rule of Medina, with his hands on the lever that was to shake the world." Source: John Austin "Muhammad the Prophet of Allah," in T.P.'s and Cassel's Weekly for 24th September 1927. 5.John William Draper "Four years after the death of Justinian, A.D. 569, was born at Mecca, in Arabia the man who, of all men exercised the greatest influence upon the human race . . . Mohammed . . ." Source: John William Draper, A History of the Intellectual Development of Europe, London 1875, Vol. 1, pp. 329-330. 6.W. Montgomery Watt "His readiness to undergo persecutions for his beliefs, the high moral character of the men who believed in him and looked up to him as leader, and the greatness of his ultimate achievement - all argue his fundamental integrity. To suppose Muhammad an impostor raises more problems than it solves. Moreover, none of the great figures of history is so poorly appreciated in the West as Muhammad." (W. Montgomery Watt, MOHAMMAD AT MECCA, Oxford, 1953, p. 52.) 7.George Bernard Shaw If a man like Muhamed were to assume the dictatorship of the modern world, he would succeed in solving its problems that would bring it the much needed peace and happiness. Read the following writings of other Western authors... 8.Thomas Carlyle "how one man single-handedly, could weld warring tribes and wandering Bedouins into a most powerful and civilized nation in less than two decades." (Heroes and Heroworship) 9.Diwan Chand Sharma "Muhammad was the soul of kindness, and his influence was felt and never forgotten by those around him." (D.C. Sharma, The Prophets of The East, Calcutta, 1935, pp. 12) 10.Prof. C. Snouck Hurgronje "The league of nations founded by the prophet of Islam put the principle of international unity and human brotherhood on such universal foundations as to show candle to other nations." He continues: "The fact is that no nation of the world can show a parallel to what Islam has done towards the realization of the idea of the League of Nations ." 11.Prof. Ramakrishna Rao "The personality of Muhammad, it is most difficult to get into the whole truth of it. Only a glimpse of it I can catch. What a dramatic succession of picturesque scenes! There is Muhammad, the Prophet. There is Muhammad, the Warrior; Muhammad, the Businessman; Muhammad, the Statesman; Muhammad, the Orator; Muhammad, the Reformer; Muhammad, the Refuge of Orphans; Muhammad, the Protector of Slaves; Muhammad, the Emancipator of Women; Muhammad, the Judge; Muhammad, the Saint. All in all these magnificent roles, in all these departments of human activities, he is alike a hero." 12.Sarogini Naidu the famous poetess of India says about Islam: "It was the first religion that preached and practiced democracy; for in the mosque, when the call for prayer is sounded and worshippers are gathered together, the democracy of Islam is embodied five times a day when the peasant and king kneel side by side and proclaim: 'God Alone is Great'… I have been struck over and over again by this indivisible unity of Islam that makes man instinctively a brother." (S. Naidu, Ideals of Islam, video Speeches and Writings, Madras, 1918, p.169). 13.Annie Besant "It is impossible for anyone who studies the life and character of the great Prophet of Arabia, who knows how he taught and how he lived, to feel anything but reverence for that mighty Prophet, one of the great messengers of the Supreme. And although in what I put to you I shall say many things which may be familiar to many, yet I myself feel whenever I re-read them, a new way of admiration, a new sense of reverence for that mighty Arabian teacher." (Annie Besant, THE LIFE AND TEACHINGS OF MUHAMMAD, Madras ,1932, p. 4. ) "But do you mean to tell me that the man who in the full flush of youthful vigour, a young man of four and twenty (24), married a woman much his senior, and remained faithful to her for six and twenty years (26), at fifty years of age when the passions are dying married for lust and sexual passion? Not thus are men's lives to be judged. And you look at the women whom he married, you will find that by every one of them an alliance was made for his people, or something was gained for his followers, or the woman was in sore need of protection." (Dr Annie Besant (Dr. Annie Besant in 'The Life and Teachings of Mohammad,' Madras, 1932) 14.Bosworth Smith "He was Caesar and Pope in one; but he was Pope without Pope's pretensions, Caesar without the legions of Caesar: without a standing army, without a bodyguard, without a palace, without a fixed revenue; if ever any man had the right to say that he ruled by the right divine, it was Mohammed, for he had all the power without its instruments and without its supports." (Bosworth Smith, MOHAMMAD AND MOHAMMADANISM, London, 1874, p. 92. ) 15.Michael H. Hart "My choice of Muhammad to lead the list of the world's most influential persons may surprise some readers and may be questioned by others, but he was the only man in history who was supremely successful on both the religious and secular level." (Michael H. Hart, THE 100: A RANKING OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL PERSONS IN HISTORY, New York: Hart Publishing Company, Inc., 1978, p. 33.) “the only man in history who was supremely successful on both the religious and secular levels.” 16.Geoffrey Parrinder A noted British author has observed: "No great religious leader has been so maligned as Prophet Mohammed. Attacked in the past as a heretic, an impostor, or a sensualist, it is still possible to find him referred to as "the false prophet." A modern German writer accuses Prophet Mohammed of sensuality, surrounding himself with young women. This man was not married until he was twenty-five years of age, then he and his wife lived in happiness and fidelity for twenty-four years, until her death when he was forty-nine. Only between the age of fifty and his death at sixty-two did Prophet Mohammed take other wives, only one of whom was a virgin, and most of them were taken for dynastic and political reasons. Certainly the Prophet's record was better than the head of the Church of England, Henry VIII." (Geoffrey Parrinder, Mysticism in the World's Religions (New York: Oxford University Press, 1976, pg. 121) 17.James A. Michener "Muhammad, the inspired man who founded Islam, was born about A.D. 570 into an Arabian tribe that worshipped idols. Orphaned at birth, he was always particularly solicitous of the poor and needy, the widow and the orphan, the slave and the downtrodden. At twenty, he was already a successful businessman, and soon became director of camel caravans for a wealthy widow. When he reached twenty-five, his employer, recognizing his merit, proposed marriage. Even though she was fifteen years older, he married her, and as long as she lived, remained a devoted husband. "Like almost every major prophet before him, Muhammad fought shy of serving as the transmitter of God's word, sensing his own inadequacy. But the angel commanded "Read." So far as we know, Muhammad was unable to read or write, but he began to dictate those inspired words which would soon revolutionize a large segment of the earth: "There is one God." "In all things Muhammad was profoundly practical. When his beloved son Ibrahim died, an eclipse occurred, and rumours of God's personal condolence quickly arose. Whereupon Muhammad is said to have announced, "An eclipse is a phenomenon of nature. It is foolish to attribute such things to the death or birth of a human being." "At Muhammad's own death an attempt was made to deify him, but the man who was to become his administrative successor killed the hysteria with one of the noblest speeches in religious history: "If there are any among you who worshipped Muhammad, he is dead. But if it is God you worshipped, He lives forever." (James A. Michener, "ISLAM: THE MISUNDERSTOOD RELIGION," in READER'S DIGEST (American edition), May 1955, pp. 68-70. 18.Edward Gibbon and Simon Ocklay "It is not the propagation but the permanency of his religion that deserves our wonder, the same pure and perfect impression which he engraved at Mecca and Medina is preserved, after the revolutions of twelve centuries by the Indian, the African and the Turkish proselytes of the Koran. . . The Mahometans have uniformly withstood the temptation of reducing the object of their faith an devotion to a level with the senses and imagination of man. 'I believe in One God and Mahomet the Apostle of God' is the simple and invariable profession of Islam. The intellectual image of the Deity has never been degraded by any visible idol; the honours of the prophet have never transgressed the measure of human virtue, and his living precepts have restrained the gratitude of his disciples within the bounds of reason and religion." (Edward Gibbon and Simon Ocklay, HISTORY OF THE SARACEN EMPIRE, London, 1870, p. 54. ) maria sis , already did, hopefuly it enlights some ppl. thank u all :) jazanah wa eyakum insha Allah.

I need help???? The Relationship Between Test Anxiety, Sleep Habits, and Self-Perceived Academic Competency Introduction ¶1Self-perceived academic competency has been shown to be a significant contributor to the academic success of college students. Bandura (1986) defines self-perceived competency as “people’s judgments of their capabilities to organize and execute courses of action required to attain designated types of performances” (p. 10). It has been found by Lee and Babko (1994) that when in a difficult situation such as a college-type test, a person with a strong sense of self-perceived academic competency will devote more attention and effort to the task at hand, therefore trying harder and persisting longer, than will those who have lower levels of self-perceived competency. ¶2Self-perceived academic competency can be affected by a plethora of variables. In this study, the variables of test anxiety and sleep habits will be examined in relationship to college students’ selfperceived academic competency. ¶3Lewis (1970) defines anxiety as “an unpleasant emotion experienced as dread, scare, alarm, fright, trepidation, horror or panic” (p. 63). Test anxiety, then, is the debilitating experience of anxiety, as described by Lewis, during the preparation for a test or during the test itself. Although anxiety is often detrimental, it may be beneficial if it is not extreme. Simpson, Parker, and Harrison (1995) convey this through two well-known principles of anxiety: “A minimal amount of anxiety” (an optimal amount is more accurate) “can mobilize human beings to respond rapidly and efficiently,” while “excessive amounts of anxiety may foster poor response and sometimes inhibit response” (p. 700). Knox, Schacht, and Turner The Body of a Research Paper—APA The body of the APA paper runs uninterrupted until the separate References page. The first page of an APA paper will look like the facing page, except for the paragraph numbers, included here for reference only. ❍ Repeat the title of your paper, exactly as it appears on the title page, on the first page of the research essay. ❍ Be sure the title is centered and properly capitalized. ❍ Begin the body of the essay two lines (a double space) below the title. ❍ Double-space the body of the essay. ❍ Use at least one-inch margins at the sides, top, and bottom of this and all subsequent pages. ❍ Indent the first line of each paragraph five to seven spaces. ❍ Indent long quotations (more than forty words) in a block five to seven spaces from the left margin. In student papers, APA permits long quotations to be single spaced. ❍ Include the short title of the essay and the page number (3) in the upper right-hand corner. Number all subsequent pages the same way. ❍ Do not hyphenate words at the right-hand margin. Do not justify the right-hand margin. ❍ Label figures and tables correctly. Be sure to mention them in the body of your text: (see Figure 1). ❍ Provide copyright/permission data for figures or tables borrowed from other sources. Test Anxiety 4 (1993) state that test anxiety can include performance anxiety and content (e.g., math) anxiety. Both of these make it hard for students to concentrate and perform adequately on tests. Knox et al. (1993) also recognize the consequences of poorly managed test anxiety. “Failure to manage test anxiety can result in failing courses, dropping out of school, a negative self-concept and a low earning potential” (p. 295). ¶4Research on test anxiety has identified three models that explain the origin of test anxiety: (1) The problem lies not in taking the test, but in preparing for the test. Kleijn, Van der Ploeg, and Topman (1994) have identified this as the learning-deficit model. According to this model, the student with high test anxiety tends to have or use inadequate learning or study skills while in the preparation stage of exam taking. (2) The second model is termed the interference model (Kleijn et al., 1994). The problem for people in this model is that during tests, individuals with test anxiety focus on task-irrelevant stimuli that negatively affect their performanceb (Sarason, 1975). The attention diverted from the task at hand can be categorized into two types, according to Sarason. The first type of distraction can be classified as physical and includes an increase in awareness of heightened autonomic activity (e.g., sweaty palms, muscle tension). The second type of distraction includes inappropriate cognitions, such as saying to oneself, “Others are finishing before me, so I must not know the material,” or “I’m stupid, I won’t pass.” The presence of either of these two task-irrelevant cognitions will affect the quality of a student’s performance. (3) The third model of test anxiety includes people who think they have prepared adequately for a test, but in reality, did not. These people question their abilities after the test, which creates anxiousness during the next test. ¶5Sleep patterns are believed to be more irregular among college students, and irregular sleep patterns are believed to affect both selfperceived academic competency and academic performance. Sleep, therefore, seems to be an important factor in a college student’s success and self-perceived ability. An optimal sleep pattern, as defined here, is one in which an individual goes to bed and wakes up at about the same time every day while allowing an adequate amount of time in each of the five stages of the sleep cycle. The function of the body that keeps our sleep patterns in this constant waking and sleeping cycle is called the circadian rhythm. During the night a person enters into and out of five different stages of sleep, the most important being REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. When the circadian rhythm of a person’s sleep is thrown off, less time is spent in REM sleep (Lahey, 1995). People deprived of REM sleep are likely to experience irritability, inefficiency, and fatigue (Hobson, 1989; Webb & Bonnet, 1979). Furthermore, they are more likely to experience irritability and fatigue when switched from the day shift to the night shift rather than from the night shift to the day shift (Wilkinson, Allison, Feeney, & Kaminska, 1989). This phenomenon known as “jet lag” is consistent with our natural tendency to lengthen our circadian rhythms. For example, one experiment demonstrated that participants’ circadian rhythms continued even when they were isolated in constantly lighted chambers. However, their rhythms quickly changed to a twenty-five-hour cycle (Aschoff, 1981; Horne, 1988). This phenomenon suggests that college students are particularly prone to sleep deprivation because college students are notorious for “cramming” information into their memories the night before a test. To do this, they stay up longer and wake up earlier than they usually would. The impact of sleep deprivation on academic performance is negative; consequently, it is hypothesized that students with poor sleep habits will have a lower level of selfperceived academic competency since each test is taken in a state marked by inefficient, irritable, or fatigued thinking. ¶6While there have been numerous studies on self-perceived competency and academic performance, on test anxiety and performance, and on sleep and performance, little direct information exists on the relationship among these variables taken together. It is believed that in our findings it will be shown that test anxiety and irregular sleep patterns will lower college students’ self-perceived academic competency. Methods Participants ¶7One hundred fifty-eight college students participated in the study. There were 89 first- and second-year students and 64 thirdand fourth-year students. Among the participants, there were 67 males and 89 females. Demographic data obtained from the participants included gender, age, year in school, major, and their estimated current grade point average (GPA). Instruments ¶8The Test Attitude Inventory (TAI), created by Spielberger (1980), was used to measure test anxiety. The TAI subscales measure self-reported worry and emotionality. The TAI contains twenty items that are situation-specific to academically related test situations and environments. A five-point Likert scale (5 represented “usually” and 1 represented “never”) was used to obtain the participants’ responses. ¶9To measure sleep habits, the Sleep Questionnaire constructed by Domino, Blair, and Bridges (1984) was used. The questionnaire contains fifty-four questions pertaining to various sleep and related behaviors. The same five-point Likert scale that was used for the TAI was used by this instrument as well. In addition, three closed-ended questions help reveal the approximate time of sleep onset, the approximate time of awakening, and whether or not the participants take naps during the day. ¶10The College Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (CASES), created by Owen and Froman (1988), was administered to determine the degree of confidence participants believe they have in various academic settings (e.g., note taking during class or using the library). A fivepoint Likert Scale was also used here, where 5 represented “a lot of confidence,” and 1 represented “little confidence.” This scale consists of thirty-three questions covering a wide variety of academic settings and situations that are pertinent to the students’ overall academic self-competency rating. Owen and Froman (1988) found the alpha internal consistency of the CASES, in two different trials, to be .9 and .92. Procedure ¶11Packets were prepared which contained a demographic data sheet, consent form, test anxiety inventory, CASES, and the sleep habits questionnaire, in that order. Next, professors in the selected classes were given information on the purpose of the study, shown the survey instruments, and told approximately how long it would take for students to complete the entire packet (20–30 minutes). We were invited to six different class meetings. The students were informed verbally that the purpose of the study was to examine the relationships between test anxiety, sleep habits, and self-perceived academic competency. The students were also informed that participation in the experiment was completely voluntary and that their responses would be kept anonymous. The students who agreed to participate in the study signed a consent form. These students then filled out the demographic data and the four surveys. The participants were then thanked for their willingness to participate in the study. Results ¶12The mean score for test anxiety was 52.67 (out of a possible 100), with a high score of 95 and a low score of 24. In order to see if differences existed between people with high test anxiety and low test anxiety, the participants’ test anxiety scores were divided into three levels (low, moderate, and high) and compared to the CASES using an ANOVA. Those people in the low test anxiety group scored 124.50 (a higher score indicates greater self-perceived academic competency) on the CASES. Those people in the moderate test anxiety group scored 113.75 on the CASES. Those people in the high test anxiety group scored 106.21 on the CASES. The p-value was found to be .001. This finding is represented in Figure 1. It was also found that there were significant differences between test anxiety groups and GPA (a measure of performance). The low test anxiety group reported having a 3.29 GPA, the group that reported moderate anxiety had a 3.13 GPA, and the group with high test anxiety reported having a 3.02 GPA. The p-value was found to be .05. ¶13Similarly, the sleep scores were also divided into three groups (bad sleep, moderate sleep, and good sleep) for the purpose of comparing mean differences. The mean sleep score was 130.28 (out of 200), with a high score of 163 and a low score of 90. The lower sleep scores represent better sleep habits. The people in the bad sleep group scored 110.42 on¶14 the CASES, the moderate sleepers scored 114.98 on the CASES, and the people in the good sleep group scored 119.33. This is represented in Figure 2. ¶15Furthermore, grade point averages were significantly different depending on which sleep group the student was associated with. Students in the bad sleep group reported having a 3.02 GPA, while students in the moderate sleep group reported having a 3.11 GPA. Also, those students who fell into the good sleep group reported having a 3.31 GPA. The p-value was found to be .03. ¶16Correlations were also figured for the following variables (shown in Table 1): quality of sleep habits, test anxiety, self-perceived academic competency, and GPA. It was found that the quality of sleep habits and test anxiety were negatively correlated at the –.26 level (p-value of .001). The quality of sleep habits was also found to be positively correlated with self perceived academic competency at the .19 level (p-value of .016). Additionally, it was found that the quality of sleep habits was positively correlated with GPA at the .18 level (p-value of .024). Test anxiety and self-perceived academic competency were negatively correlated at the –.41 level (p-value of .001). GPA and test anxiety were negatively correlated at the –.21 level (p-value of .01). Lastly, self-perceived academic competency and GPA were positively correlated at the .47 level (p-value of .001). Discussion ¶17The findings presented indicate that bad sleep habits and high test anxiety negatively affect self-perceived academic competency, as was hypothesized. Additionally, it was found that low self-perceived academic competency negatively affected students’ GPA. ¶18Quality of sleep habits was found to be a factor in self-perceived academic competence. If college students do experience REM sleep deprivation more than the average population, then the findings of this study need to be passed on to college students. The findings in this study suggest that college students with poor sleep habits may perceive themselves as having lower academic competency. The study also showed that self-perceived academic competency was positively correlated to academic performance. Thus, according to Hobson (1989), Webb & Bonnet (1979), and this study, those college students who do have poor sleep habits will negatively affect their academic performance. ¶19It was also found that test anxiety and grade point average are negatively correlated, and that quality of sleep and grade point average are positively correlated. This finding, and the fact that quality of sleep and test anxiety are negatively related, suggest interrelationships among the variables test anxiety, sleep habits, selfperceived academic competency, and academic performance. This result highlights the fact that professors need to instruct their students on how to manage test anxiety. Students also need to be aware of the effects that poor sleep and low self-perceived academic competency have on academic performance. Thus, the phrase “I think I can, I think I can . . .” may be beneficial only if students reduce their test anxiety and develop better sleep habits. More research needs to be done to find other variables that affect self-perceived academic competence. References Aschoff, J. (1981). Handbook of behavioral neurobiology (Vol. 4). Biological rhythms. New York: Plenum. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Domino, G., Blair, G., & Bridges, A. (1984). Subjective assessment of sleep by sleep questionnaire. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 59, 163–170. Hobson, J. A. (1989). Sleep. New York: Scientific American Library. Horne, J. (1988). Why we sleep: The functions of sleep in humans and other mammals. New York: Oxford University Press. Kleijn, W. C., Van der Ploeg, H. M., & Topman, R. M. (1994). Cognition, study habits, test anxiety, and academic performance. Psychological Reports, 75, 1219–1226. Knox, D., Schacht, C., & Turner, J. (1993). Virtual reality: A proposal for treating test anxiety in college students. College Student Journal, 27, 294–296. Lahey, B. B. (1995). In M. Lange, S. Connors, A. Fuerste, K. M. Huinker- Timp, & L. Fuller (Eds.), Psychology: An Introduction. Dubuque, IA: Brown & Benchmark. Lee, C., & Babko, P. (1994). Self-efficacy beliefs: Comparison of five measures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 364–369. Lewis, A. (1970). The ambiguous word “anxiety.” International Journal of Psychiatry, 9, 62–79. Owen, S. V., & Froman, R. D. (1988). Development of an academic self efficacyscale. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, New Orleans, LA. Sarason, I. G. (1975). Test anxiety and the self-disclosing coping model. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43, 148–152. Simpson, M. L., Parker, P. W., & Harrison, A. W. (1995). Differential performance on Taylor’s Manifest Anxiety Scale in black private college freshmen, a partial report. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 80, 699–702. Spielberger, C. D. (1980). Preliminary professional manual for the Test Attitude Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Webb, W. B., & Bonnet, M. H. (1979). Sleep and dreams. In M. E. Meyer (Ed.), Foundations of contemporary psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. Wilkinson, R., Allison, S., Feeney, M., & Kaminska, Z. (1989). Alertness of night nurses: Two shift systems compared. Ergonomics, 32, 281–292. References Pages—APA Sources contributing directly to the paper are listed alphabetically on a separate page immediately after the body of the essay. ❍ Center the title (References) at the top of the page. ❍ All sources mentioned in the text of the paper must appear in the References list, except personal communications; similarly, every source listed in the References must be mentioned in the paper. ❍ Arrange the items in the References list alphabetically by the last name of the author. Give only initials for first names. If no author is given for a work, list and alphabetize it by the first word in the title, excluding articles (A, An, The). ❍ The first line of each entry is flush with the left-hand margin. Subsequent lines in an entry are indented five spaces or one-half inch. ❍ The list is ordinarily double spaced. In student papers, APA style does permit single spacing of individual entries; double spacing is preserved between the single-spaced items. ❍ Punctuate items in the list carefully. Do not forget the period at the end of each entry, except those entries that terminate with an electronic address. ❍ In the References list, capitalize only the first word and any proper names in the title of a book or article. Within a title, capitalize the first word after a colon. ❍ When you have two or more entries by the same author, list them by year of publication, from earliest to latest. If an author publishes two works in the same year, list them alphabetically by title and place a lowercase letter immediately after the year: (1998a). What did you notice about the paper's style, organization, and tone? Do you think the paper is effective in presenting its research question? In writing this essay, what would you have done differently than this author?

"Gospel of Barnabas" Is it the true Bible ?? The Gospel of Barnabas was accepted as a Canonical Gospel in the Churches of Alexandria till 325 In 325 the Nicene Council was held, where it was ordered that all original Gospels in Hebrew script should be destroyed. An Edict was issued that any one in possession of these Gospels will be put to death. In 383 the Pope secured a copy of the Gospel of Barnabas and kept it in his private library. In the fourth year of Emperor Zeno (478),the remains of Barnabas were discovered and there was found on his breast a copy of the Gospel of Barnabas written by his own hand. (Acia Sanctorum Boland Junii Tom II, Pages 422 and 450. Antwerp 1698.The famous Vulgate Bible appears to be based on this Gospel. Pope Sixtus (1585-90) had a friend, Fra Marino. He found the Gospel of Barnabas in the private library of the Pope The text was translated into English by Mr. and Mrs. Ragg published by Oxford University Press in 1907,This English translation mysteriously disappeared from the market

Teens Not Terrorists: Muslim Girls Get a Voice in Muslim Girl Magazine? New glossy contemporary lifestyle magazine targets American Muslim girls. Chicago, IL (PRWeb) January 19, 2007 -- American teen Muslim girls are much like teen girls everywhere – so says a recent nationwide study of Muslim girls aged 14-18 years. The study was conducted on behalf of Muslim Girl Magazine , a new bi-monthly glossy magazine launched this month to give 400,000 American Muslim teen girls a lively and uniquely relevant perspective on contemporary living. “Our study showed that these girls go to public school, watch a little too much television, read teen magazines, surf the Internet, use Google, enjoy YouTube, play video games, shop a lot, talk on the telephone and spend time just hanging out,” says Faye Kennedy, VP at execuGo Media, the publisher that commissioned the study. “In short, they are pretty much like most other American teenagers.” The study also highlighted some likely differences: for example, they get news at Al Jazeera, socialize at IslamiCity and count among their top hobbies, Qur’an study. The research confirmed Kennedy’s hunch: teen Muslim girls in America would love a lifestyle magazine that does what no other teen girl magazine has done for them – give them a means of enjoying contemporary life within the values they love. Over 90% of the panel, when shown the initial concept, indicated that they liked it, thought it was what they need, would read it and would recommend it to their friends. Ausma Khan, PhD, writer, human rights lawyer and activist, liked the concept so much that she left a teaching position at Northwestern University to become Editor in Chief. “Most representations of Muslims in the media are negative,” she says. “Muslim Girl Magazine challenges those perceptions by telling the stories of Muslim teens who are proud to be American and who contribute to American society in so many positive ways. This is a chance for their voices to be heard. Our editorial mandate is to ‘enlighten, celebrate and inspire’ them.” Challenging stereotypes about Muslim girls in America, Muslim Girl Magazine re-defines the face of Muslim youth in America. Its innovative content showcases teen girls who are equally proud of their identity as Americans and Muslims, while not shying away from the conflict inherent in being both. It also shakes up the complacency of Muslims themselves by emphasizing the diversity of practice within American Muslim communities, typically a no-go area. The premiere issue of the magazine features girls who have joined the Peace Corps and volunteered in Indonesia. Advice columns tackle everything from boyfriends to divorced parents to anti-Muslim discrimination. Regular departments range from Qur’an Notes to Hot List reviews of TV shows like The CW Television Network’s ‘Gilmore Girls.’ And a special feature on the hit show ‘24’ directly confronts the biggest elephant in the room—the association of Muslims with terrorism. Khan says, “We’re showing hijab-wearing basketball players alongside contemporary fashion designers and artists. We want to dispel the notion that Muslim teens conform to one particular model. Veiled or unveiled, Muslim girls participate fearlessly in sports, the arts, international travel and their local mosques.” Muslim Girl Magazine launched with a planned circulation of 50,000 copies per issue in the first year and expects to grow to 100,000 within two years. Dianna Hightower, Publisher and Director of Business Development and Advertising, expects advertising to grow quickly. “Today the Muslim market is where the Hispanic market was five years ago — on the verge of a major breakout. Households of Muslim girls comprise a valuable commercial profile with higher than average scores on income, education, occupation and size. Having Fox Broadcasting and Oxford University Press advertise in our first issue is evidence that prestigious and smart advertisers see strong potential.” Muslim Girl Magazine is published by award-winning execuGo Media of Toronto, Canada and distributed worldwide by RCS of Los Angeles, California. The cover price is $4.95 US ($5.95 CDN). The annual subscription rate is $19.99 at www.muslimgirlmagazine.com. For further information, interviews and follow-up stories, contact: Ausma Khan Editor in Chief Muslim Girl Magazine Telephone: 1-866-478-3062 Fax: 1-866-847-8035 Website: www.muslimgirlmagazine.com This is a test, this is only a test, of the Answers broadcasting network....:) I only pray everyone has mercy in their heart enough to realize these ladies don't need any help, they are fine all by themselves... its just for FYI Only!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! I don't belong to the magazine, I don't profit nothing but the ajr from Allah SWT which I don't count... I like to see positive change and here you go, call it what you want, but its positive change your all crying for so here you go! well if I flood the page with TEXT MAYBE THEY WILL NOT SEE THE PHONE NUMBERS... CAUSE THAT WAS NOT MY INTENTION! I MAY DELETE AND EDIT FOR POLICY SAKE, I LIKE FOLLOWING THE RULES :)

I have a question about a catch-phrase from a commercial - whether it is grammatically correct or not? Here in the UK, we have had this commercial on the TV by a very famous brown fizzy drink company with the intials C C - I hope that narrows it down a bit! The thing is - it has a voiceover of some American explaining that their product has never had artificial colourings and preservatives and it finishes with the catch phrase:- "Never had! Never Will! Is there anyone out there who can confirm or disprove my opinion that this is grammatically incorrect? Surely, if are talking about the ONE thing i.e. this product and not MANY products and therefore something in plural - then this series of statements is grammatically incorrect is it not?!! Should it not be Never HAS! Never will! or even Never has had! Never will! or possibly maybe even Never has it had! Never Will - but not Never HAD! Never Will! Would someone, who thoroughly knows The Queens English be kind enough to break this down for me assuming that I know nothing and in the process explain the mechanics of this sentence in detail - as I am sure these blithering idiots have got it wrong yet again! Needless to say, anyone from the Kindergarten Colony need not answer this question, unless you were educated in Oxford or Cambridge, England; since if you were educated (for want of a better word) over there at one of their schools and/or universities you will have been taught English wrongly from the beginning - ok?!!! I tried phoning Oxford Unversity Press to clarify what it should be and the lady I was put through to, gave me a lot of political correct drivel about 'different kinds of English' - I think she was frightened Oxford University Press might be sued by C.C. or something!!! If that was indeed the case - then that's pretty scarey - wouldn't you say?!!! Hopefully, I might get the correct information on here, since whom ever answers, can remain anonymous and not have to concern themselves about being sued - ok?!!! If in the process of answering this question, you can see any glaring or even minor infractions of grammar in the composition of this question - please pull it apart to your hearts content! To reiterate, Yanks need not answer - your answers unless you were educated over here, will not be valid! It's either The Queen's English or it is not! Rita S - And your answer answers my question how?!!!! Oh Dear! Oh Dear! I seem to be attracting an unfair chair of MCS members on this question! MCS = Moral Coward Society - i.e. people without contact info for clarification or rebuttal! I wish you could edit Additional Details - I meant to say share not chair! Oi Yahoo! When are you going to allow us to edit the Additional Detail section of our questions? To get round the problem of confusing people who have already answered any given question with those that are about to - why don't you introduce the concept of VERSIONS like is already done with updates on programmes - I refuse to spell this last word the way they do on the Kindergarten Colony by the way! The very fact that answerers are disagreeing with each other - shows the importance that there is only ONE English Language and not several. I actually believe that one day in the not too distant future that the debacle over which is the correct use of English is going to be the cataylst that ignites a war between various countries - probably the ultimate war!!!! WOULD EVERYONE WHO HAS ALREADY ANSWERED THIS QUESTION, PLEASE, PLEASE, PLEASE COMPLETE AN ABOUT ME PROFILE - SO I KNOW WHAT IS THE SOURCE OF YOUR INFORMATION AND ANSWER!!! On your profile page "My Profile" of your registration with Yahoo Answers to be absolutely clear - where it says ''Edit my profile'' - click on that and then scroll to the box at the bottom of that page called "On your profile page "My Profile" of your registration with Yahoo Answers to be absolutely clear - where it says ''Edit my profile'' - click on that, which will bring up the page 'Edit My Profile', then scroll down to the box at the bottom of that page which is entitled 'ABOUT ME' - where you can put all kinds of wonderful stuff about yourself, which might give me an idea if you're qualified or not to answer this question in the first place - unless of course, you're lying about what you've put - hey whatever, c'est la vie ("that is life'' for the uninitiated) as the Frogs would say!!! deiracing8 - I hate to say it, but your answer I think at the moment is probably the most interesting! As to more people watch this Coca Cola advert (I can't be bothered to be cryptic anymore) - I wouldn't know - maybe they should pay me a commission! Alas! I see you're another member of the MCS!!!! ebenjamin10 - I have read your answer several times now and I cannot understand the logic of what you are trying to say - do you want to reedit your answer in stages to elaborate what you are tring to say. If they did have some preservatives in the past then how can they say NEVER had - what you're saying doesn't make any logical sense in its present form let alone the grammatical sense of my original question - ok?!!!! On reflectin of my own question - surely it is what is know as a 'contraction' in English - e.g. cannot becomes can't. Likewise "Never has, never Will" is a contracted form of Never has had, never will have'' or am I missing something in my argument please people?!! And please resist the temptation anyone, especially yanks - who may well feel abused by now (I don't care basically!!!) to say ''a brain'' or some such insult'' - I'm way ahead of you!!!

CITE CITE CITE CITE CITE? how do you cite a sentence in my text that has two authors. ehiaweuryhaskfhaejrhewrklrewkjrhewkthrewit(American National Biography 473). Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes. American National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999 how would the order of the author go in the jkweh vk jdhdkhgkahg (------------)

Does God need a "blood atonement"? The Gnostic plan of salvation was radically different from the Literalists. The Literalists today are insisting that salvation is attained through the “blood of Christ”, yet the “blood of Christ” has failed to solve mankind’s problems. Perhaps I am lacking in piety or some basic instinct, but I know I am not alone in finding the idea of Jesus’ death as atonement for the sins of all humanity on one level bewildering and on the other morally repugnant. Jesus never to my knowledge said anything to indicate that forgiveness from God could only be granted after or because of the cross. For Christ’s Sake Oxford University Press, Toronto, 1986 pg. 75, Tom Harper "God sacrificed his own son in place of humans who needed to be punished for their own sins might make some Christians love Jesus, but is an obcene picture of God. It is almost heavenly child abuse, and may infect out imagination at more earthly levels as well. I do not want to express my faith through a theology that pictures God demanding blood sacrifices in order to be reconciled to us." (John Dominic Crossan, Who is Jesus, p. 145-146) This doctrine (atonement) is a blasphemy against the justice of God. It is highly unjust, inhuman and ungodly, to sacrifice the life of an innocent man, for washing off the sins of sinners. God Almighty is never unjust even in least degree, how this injustice and unkindness can ever be attributed to Him. God Almighty is Absolute and Merciful enough to forgive the sins, even without sacrifices. (Dr. Roshan Enam, Follow Jesus or Follow Paul? p. 52) God is Just, and justice requires that nobody should be punished for the sins of others, nor should some people be saved by punishing other people. Doesn’t the claim that God sacrificed Jesus to save us because He was Just, contradict the definition of justice? According to Christians, those who have not been baptized will go to Hell. So even the infants and babies go to Hell if not baptized, since they are born with an inherited original sin. Doesn’t this contradict the definition of justice? Why would God punish people for sins they never committed?

where can i but this book??? Physics at Work by: P K Tao Published: Oxford University Press, 1993 ISBN 0195853288, 9780195853285 I need it so badly! Please I need help!

Is there real difference between marriage and prostitution? In his book, The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State. New York: International Publishers, 1942, Friedrich Engels asserts that in capitalism, marriage degenerates "often enough into the crassest prostitution"; the married woman "only differs from the ordinary courtesan in that she does not let out her body on piece-work as a wage earner (prostitution)…there are other people who make similar comparisons… notably the feminists like Emma Goldman in “The Traffic in Women”; socio-biologists like Donald Symons, The Evolution of Human Sexuality. Oxford, Eng.: Oxford University Press, 1979. …. Is marriage sanctified prostitution?

APA citation help please? Are these cited correctly, besides the italics. I can't figure out how to make them italics on here Cox, S., Allen, J., Hanser, R., & Conrad, J. (2008). Juvenile Delinquency. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. Fuller, J. (2009). Juvenile Delinquency: Mainstream and Crosscurrents. Columbus, OH: PEARSON Prentice Hall. Jones, D. (2008).Fixing the juvenile justice system. New York Amsterdam News. 99(9), p5. Kvaraceus, W. (1959). Delinquent Behavior. Washington D.C.: National Education Association of the U.S. Steward, M. & Andrade A. (2004) The Missouri Division of Youth Services' innovative approach to juvenile corrections staffing. Corrections Today Eadie, T. & Morley, R. (2003) Crime, Justice and Punishment in Baldock. Social Policy Oxford: Oxford University Press

Anyone deny? "The existence of the historical Jesus is accepted as fact by the vast majority of scholars." ? At various times I have casually mentioned on this forum the simple (and I had assumed, indisputable) fact that Jesus was an historical person whose life on earth led to the Christian belief system. I was surprised to see that a small but vocal group on R&S refused to believe that the existence of the historical Jesus is the predominant belief among university scholars of religious studies and ancient history. My experience has been that those who hold "fringe views" here will very rarely yield to documentation/evidence even while supposedly clamoring loudly for it. Yet, in addition to my own experience as a member of the relevant academic societies (and my own experience publishing in the field), I thought I would post a few such citations just to see how they would be denied. (And to state what should be obvious: This topic has NOTHING to do with the question of whether one has faith in Jesus OR even if one personally believes that the historical Jesus of the first century actually existed. My point is purely to see if it is possible to document the simple fact that the majority of my colleagues around the world accept the existence of the historical Jesus as fact, with basically no reservations.) So here's a few citations: 1) Graham Stanton, *The Gospels and Jesus* (Oxford University Press, 2nd ed., 2002), p. 145. "Today nearly all historians, whether Christians or not, accept that Jesus existed and that the gospels contain plenty of valuable evidence which has to be weighed and assessed critically. There is general agreement that, with the possible exception of Paul, we know far more about Jesus of Nazareth than about any first- or second century Jewish or pagan religious teacher." 2) Robert E. Van Voorst, *Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence* (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2000), p. 16. "The nonhistoricity thesis has always been controversial, and it has consistently failed to convince scholars of many disciplines and religious creeds" "Biblical scholars and classical historians now regard it as effectively refuted." 3) Burridge, R & Gould, G, *Jesus Now and Then* , Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2004, p.34. "There are those who argue that Jesus is a figment of the Church's imagination, that there never was a Jesus at all. I have to say that I do not know any respectable critical scholar who says that any more." So, to pose the question again: Despite the evidence, would anyone here deny that the existence of the historical Jesus is accepted as fact by the vast majority of scholars (whether secular or non-secular, whether atheist, Christian, Jewish, or whatever)? _______________________ PREDICTION: Even though the skeptics always ask for evidence/documentation, they will also complain that this post is too long (because of the citations!) _______________________ PLEASE: Focus _______________________ QUESTION: What is the difference between theists and atheists in how they deal with evidence? ANSWER: None. . _______________________ My favorite so far: The idea that university Religious Studies departments are filled with pious believers! Observation: On R&S, if you don't like a question, substitute one that is more to your personal preference. _______________________ KUDOS to those of you who figured this one out already: "vast majority of scholars" is acceptable when the topic is evolution or global warming -- but somehow turns bad when the topic is less to someone's liking.

More information about the animal named Gigantocypris agassizi? On page 640, section 369 Deep-sea Fauna of the Oxford-Duden Pictorial English Dictionary Paperback Edition, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-864155-9, there is a black and white photo of deep-sea animals numbered from 1 to 20, accompanied by a list of corresponding scientific names on the next page. The animal number 1, Gigantocypris agassizi, appears mysterious since it is hard to find more information about it in books and even with Google's help. Would non-professional and professional zoologists give me some answers? Thank you to all answerers. I will add the suggested sites to my bookmarks. And, thanks again to all people. I know in the scientific community there is nothing known as "best answer", but in YA I have to choose it nominally. Any further suggestions after the resolve of my question(s) can be E-mailed or transfered to me by other means.

N.I.V... Satanic Bible? Published by the same company? I recently rec'd an article pointing out a fact I wasn't previously aware of... Harper San Francisco (Harper Collins), the company that owns the copyright on NIV through its subsidiary Zondervan, also publishes Anton La Vey's Satanic Bible. Not only do they publish this abominaton: basically the antithesis of Holy Bible, but it's presently their 6th best selling book (rank changes daily)! This inspired me to look more closely at this company, owned by Rupert Murdoch. Dare to compare Revelation 22:21 in NIV & KJV http://bible.crosswalk.com/ParallelBible/bible.cgi Yet what about KJV: Holy Bible: Seventh Bible? Was not the mandate of Oxford University Press to make money for the university by publishing whatever people paid for? So then, perhaps there were also RRC & Protestant per-versions of KJV published in 1611, since both 'popish people' & 'self-conceited brethren' traduced & maligned Translators of the Bible on both sides, as noted in their Epistle Dedicatory. Comments? Dear LaVereB, What many in USA call freedom of religion is actually plan B: Bondage. Dear Kaltasia, I'm neither having a sh*t fit, nor against anyone; Rather for awareness and understanding, which comes with grace and truth, not laws witch are against us.

Do you think these parents should go to jail and have their other children removed from their care? Abusing Children in the Name of God By Shawn F. Peters A hemophilic boy in Pennsylvania bleeds to death over a period of two days from a small cut on his foot. An Indiana girl dies after a malignant tumor sprouts from her skull and grows so enormous that it’s nearly the size of her head. A boy in Massachusetts succumbs to a bowel obstruction. (His cries of pain are so loud that neighbors are forced to shut their windows to block out the sound.) None of these children benefit from the readily-available medical treatments that might save their lives, or at least mitigate their suffering. Because the tenets of their parents’ religious faiths mandate it, their ailments are treated by prayer rather than medical science. The results are tragic. It is difficult to determine precisely how many children in the United States lose their lives every year as the result of the phenomenon that has come to be known as religion-based medical neglect. A landmark study published in the journal Pediatrics uncovered more than 150 reported fatalities over a 10-year period – a tally that one of the study’s authors later said represented only “the tip of the iceberg” of a surprisingly pervasive problem. Assessing whether forms of religion-related child abuse pose a greater risk to children than more widely publicized threats, such as ritual satanic abuse, a wide-ranging study funded by the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect concluded that “there are more children actually being abused in the name of God than in the name of Satan.” Since the late nineteenth century, hundreds of such instances of abuse have resulted in tangled criminal litigation. The parents charged in these cases – many of them Christian Scientists or members of small Christian churches that ground their doctrines in narrowly literal interpretations of the Bible – often have argued that the First Amendment safeguards their decision to adhere to their faiths’ religious traditions and treat their ailing children solely by spiritual means. Prosecutors, meanwhile, have balked at the notion that constitutional protections for religious liberty provide an absolute bar to state regulation of religious conduct, particularly when that behavior puts the safety of children at risk. Their task often has been complicated, however, by murky state manslaughter and abuse statutes that appear to provide exemptions for religious healing practices. Arguing that they were “Christians first, citizens afterward,” a prominent Christian spiritual healer once urged his followers to disregard secular laws that might compel them to forsake their religious beliefs regarding healing. Such is the dilemma that confronts parents who choose to treat their sick or injured children with prayer instead of medicine. Not only must they safeguard the health of their sons and daughters; they also must try to reconcile their devotion to God with their duties as citizens in a society that boasts a long and sometimes checkered history of regulating uncommon religious conduct. Defining these obligations through the enforcement of secular laws – especially ones that are constitutionally fuzzy – can be a complicated business. Moreover, there is no guarantee that it will deter devout and stubborn parents from engaging in religious practices that endanger the health of their children. But the alternative – simply ignoring the suffering of the youngest and most vulnerable members of our nation’s churches – seems unconscionable. Shawn Francis Peters’ latest book, "When Prayer Fails: Faith Healing, Children, and the Law," was published in October by Oxford University Press. He teaches at the University of Wisconsin-Madison White Tornado: Why are you making this personal? Yes, I am pro choice and rather flattered that you follow my posts. I don't see a relationship between pro chice and this question unless it is that pro life interest and protection ends at birth.

Why do Pro-Zionists keep lying and prevaricating? and how can they Justify those racist quotes? Since Zionist state was a racist state that was born from greed and terror from the very beginning in 1948, Why do they keep lying and prevaricating and want to convince us that Hamas is the reason for their cruel actions? Hamas was elected in 2006, while those racist quotes which show the Zionists ideology were said a long time before we ever heard of Hamas, so how can Pro-Zionists Justify what there leaders said? here are few examples: David Ben-Gurion, May 1948, to the General Staff. From Ben-Gurion, A Biography, by Michael Ben-Zohar, Delacorte, New York 1978: "We must use terror, assassination, intimidation, land confiscation, and the cutting of all social services to rid the Galilee of its Arab population." David Ben Gurion, future Prime Minister of Israel, 1937, Ben Gurion and the Palestine Arabs, Oxford University Press, 1985: "We must expel Arabs and take their places." The influential Israeli Rabbi Ovadia Yosef exclaimed during a sermon preceding the 2001 Passover holiday, : "May the Holy Name visit retribution on the Arab heads, and cause their seed to be lost, and annihilate them." He added: "It is forbidden to have pity on them. We must give them missiles with relish, annihilate them. Evil ones, damnable ones." -- Source: Ha'aretz April 12, 2001. Ariel Sharon: "Leibowitz is right, we are Judeo-Nazis, and why not? "Even today I am willing to volunteer to do the dirty work for Israel, to kill as many Arabs as necessary, to deport them, to expel and burn them, to have everyone hate us, to pull the rug from underneath the feet of the Diaspora Jews, so that they will be forced to run to us crying. Even if it means blowing up one or two synagogues here and there, I don't care. And I don't mind if after the job is done you put me in front of a Nuremberg Trial and then jail me for life. Hang me if you want, as a war criminal. Then you can spruce up your Jewish conscience and enter the respectable club of civilised nations, nations that are large and healthy. What you lot don't understand is that the dirty work of Zionism is not finished yet, far from it. True, it could have been finished in 1948, but you interfered, you stopped it. And all this because of the Jewishness in your souls, because of your Diaspora mentality. Edit: Interesting Roque! Sharon is ready to volunteer to do the dirty work for Israel, to kill as many Arabs as necessary, to deport them and to expel and burn them, but he “doesn’t hate Arabs”? What does it mean? He shows his love for Arabs by slaughtering them and burning them?

Do you think that these people were brainwashed? Speaking about the Quran, Goethe says, "It soon attracts, astounds, and in the end enforces our reverence... Its style, in accordance with its contents and aim is stern, grand - ever and always, truly sublime - So, this book will go on exercising through all ages a most potent influence." [Goethe - quoted in T. P. Huges "Dictionary of Islam", p. 526] "The Koran (Quran) admittedly occupies an important position among the great religious books of the world. Though it is the youngest of the epoch making works belonging to this class of literature, it yields to hardly any in the wonderful effect which it has produced on large masses of men. It has created an all but new phase of human thought and a fresh type of character. It first transformed a number of heterogeneous desert tribes of the Arabian Peninsula into a nation of heroes, and then proceeded to create the vast politico-religious organizations of Muslims world wide which are one of the great forces with which Europe and the East have to reckon with today." [G. Maragliouth in his Introduction to J. M. Rodwells - 'The Koran", New York - 'Everyman's Library, 1977, p VI] "A work, then, which calls forth so powerful and seemingly incompatible emotions even in the distant reader - distant as to time, and still more so as mental development - a work which not only conquers the repugnance which he may begin its perusal, but changes this adverse feeling into astonishment and admiration, such a work must be a wonderful production... indeed and a problem of the highest interest to every thoughtful observer of the destinies of mankind." [Dr Steingass quoted in T. P. Hughes - "Dictionary of Islam", pp 256-257] "It is impossible that Muhammad, peace be upon him, authored the Qur'an. How could a man, from being illiterate, become the most important author, in terms of literary merits, in the whole of Arabic literature? How could he then pronounce truths of a scientific nature that no other human-being could possibly have developed at that time, an all this without once making the slightest error in his pronouncement on the subject?" [Dr. Maurice Bucaille - author of "The Bible, the Qur'an and Science" 1978, p. 125] "Here, therefore, its merits as a literary production should perhaps not be measured by some preconceived maxims of subjective and aesthetic taste, but by the effects which it produced in Muhammad's contemporaries and fellow countrymen. If it spoke so powerfully and convincingly to the hearts of his hearers as to weld hitherto centrifugal and antagonistic elements into one compact and well organized body, animated by ideas far beyond those which had until now ruled the Arabian mind, then its eloquence was perfect, simply because it created a civilized nation out of savage tribes, and shot a fresh woof into the old warp of history" [Dr. Steingass, quoted in Hughes' Dictionary of Islam p. 528] "In making the present attempt to improve on the performance of my predecessors, and to produce something which might be accepted as echoing however faintly the sublime rhetoric of the Arabic Koran, I have been at pain to study the intricate and richly varied rhythms which - apart from the message itself - constitute the Koran's undeniable claim to rank amongst the greatest literary masterpieces of mankind.. This very characteristic feature - 'that inimitable symphony', as the believing Pickthall described his Holy Book, 'the very sounds of which move men to tears and ecstasy' has been almost totally ignored by previous translators; it is therefore not surprising that what they have wrought sounds dull and flat indeed in comparison with the splendidly decorated original.." [Arthur J. Arberry - "The Koran Interpreted", London: Oxford University Press . 1964, p. x.] "A totally objective examination of it [the Qur'an] in the light of modern knowledge leads us to recognize the agreement between the two, as has been already noted on repeated occasions. It makes us deem it quite unthinkable for a man of Muhammad's time to have been the author of such statements, on account of the state of knowledge in his day. Such considerations are part of what gives the Qur'anic Revelation its unique place, and forces the impartial scientist to admit his inability to provide and explanation which calls solely upon materialistic reasoning." [Dr. Maurice Bucaille in his book: "The Bible, The Qur'an and Science" 1981, p. 18] Ray ,are they all funded by saudi? lol

I need to know the publishing city of please help me? natures building blocks. oxford university press published it in august 2003 please help me? :)